Wednesday, December 14, 2011

chicken breeds

List of chicken breeds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thirty types of known chickens
There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.[2]
The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.[1]
In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The most commonly used of such standards is the Standard of Perfection published by the American Poultry Association (APA), the oldest livestock organization in the New World.[3][4] Others include European standards (especially British ones), and that of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.[4] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be showncompetitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]

Table of contents
By place of origin: Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China •Croatia • Cuba • Czechia • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India •Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Netherlands • New Zealand •Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • South Africa• Spain • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam
By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition
Other: Bantams • Hybrids
See also   •    Footnotes   •    References

[edit]By place of origin

[edit]Australia


The Australorp is an inconic Australian breed.

[edit]Austria

[edit]Belgium


This d'Everberg rooster is one of a profusion of Belgian ornamental bantam chickens

[edit]Brazil

[edit]Bulgaria


Black Shumen chicken

[edit]Canada

[edit]Chile

[edit]China


The Silkie is iconic for its unusual fur-like plumage

[edit]Croatia

[edit]Cuba


Cubalaya

[edit]Czechia

[edit]Egypt

[edit]Finland

[edit]France


Faverolles

[edit]Germany


The longtailed Phoenix is a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori.

[edit]Greece

[edit]India


The Aseel (or Asil) is one of a collection of breeds traditionally used for cockfighting.

[edit]Iceland

[edit]Indonesia


Sumatra cock

[edit]Iran


The Orloff is a Persian (Modern Iran) breed, often mistaken to be Russian in origin.

[edit]Italy


Leghorn

[edit]Japan

[edit]Korea

[edit]Kosovo

[edit]Malaysia

[edit]Marianas

[edit]Netherlands


A Barnevelder trio

[edit]New Zealand

[edit]Norway

[edit]Pakistan

[edit]Philippines

[edit]Poland

[edit]Portugal

[edit]Romania


Naked Neck

[edit]Russia

[edit]Serbia

[edit]Slovakia

[edit]South Africa

[edit]Spain


A Minorca rooster

[edit]Switzerland


The Appenzeller is a rare Swiss crested breed.

[edit]Sweden

[edit]Turkey


The Sultan is a Turkish breed once kept by the Ottoman Sultans.

[edit]Ukraine

[edit]United Kingdom


The Buff variety of Orpington, here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.

[edit]United States

[edit]Vietnam

[edit]By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

[edit]Eggs


Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and distinctive ear tufts
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

[edit]Meat

Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.

[edit]Dual-purpose


The Barred Plymouth Rock is a very popular dual-purpose breed
The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

[edit]Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.
Key
U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.
G denotes a game breed.

Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition

[edit]Bantams


Sebrights, such as this Golden cockerel, are among the most popular of bantams
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

[edit]Cross-breeds

Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.
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